Lithium batteries, lithium metal batteries, and lithium-ion batteries are the three most commonly heard types of batteries. In fact, both lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries are a type of lithium battery.
Lithium batteries are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium batteries are not a single type, but a collective term for lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
In the following text, we will explain the differences between lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries
1、 Lithium metal batteries
Lithium metal batteries are batteries that use manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, metallic lithium or alloy metal as the negative electrode material, and non hydrolyzed electrolyte solutions. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal batteries, they have high environmental requirements for processing, storage, and use.
The principle of lithium-metal batteries is the same as that of ordinary dry batteries. They use lithium metal as the electrode and generate electricity through the corrosion or oxidation of lithium metal. When used up, they are discarded and cannot be charged.
Lithium metal batteries refer to batteries that use metallic lithium as the negative electrode, and the positive electrode materials used in conjunction with them can be oxygen, elemental sulfur, metal oxides, and other substances. The theoretical specific capacity of lithium metal is 3860mAh/g, and it also has excellent conductivity, making it an ideal negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. Lithium metal batteries were once considered one of the most promising next-generation high-energy density storage devices, which can meet the strict requirements of emerging industries.
However, the strong reactivity of metallic lithium and the issues of metallic lithium dendrites and dead lithium faced by metallic lithium negative electrodes during use not only seriously affect the cycling performance of metallic lithium batteries, but also pose serious safety hazards. At present, forming a more uniform and stable SEI film on the surface of metallic lithium will be beneficial for improving the cycling performance of metallic lithium batteries.
2、 Lithium ion batteries
Lithium ion batteries use carbon materials as the negative electrode and compounds containing lithium as the positive electrode. There is no metallic lithium present, only lithium ions, which is what lithium-ion batteries are.
Lithium ion batteries refer to batteries that use lithium ion intercalation compounds as the positive electrode material.
The charging and discharging process of lithium-ion batteries is the process of lithium ion insertion and extraction. In the process of lithium ion insertion and removal, there is also the insertion and removal of equivalent electrons with lithium ions (traditionally, the positive electrode is represented by insertion or removal, while the negative electrode is represented by insertion or removal). During the charging and discharging process, lithium ions are intercalated/deintercaled and intercalated/deintercaled back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes, commonly referred to as "rocking chair batteries". Lithium ion battery: It is a type of secondary battery (rechargeable battery) that mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During the charging and discharging process, Li+is intercalated and deintercaled back and forth between the two electrodes: during charging, Li+is deintercaled from the positive electrode, embedded into the negative electrode through the electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a lithium rich state; When discharging, the opposite is true.
3、 Difference
The difference between lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries is that metal lithium batteries are disposable batteries, while lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable cycle batteries! The principle of lithium metal batteries is the same as that of ordinary dry batteries. It uses lithium metal as the electrode, and generates electricity through the corrosion or oxidation of lithium metal. It is discarded after use and cannot be charged;
Lithium ion batteries generally use lithium cobalt oxide as the positive electrode and carbon as the negative electrode, with electrolyte filled in the middle to form ion free channels. A separator is used to separate the positive and negative electrodes to prevent short circuits.
The above is a summary of the differences between lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
The above content is sourced from Ocean Shipping Network
